Papers and Publications
Please feel free to contact us if you would like a copy* of any of these papers, would
like to know more, or would like to discuss further.
(*possibly subject to copyright restrictions in some cases)
(*possibly subject to copyright restrictions in some cases)
I am the author of over a hundred technical papers on various aspects of aeronautics - ranging from theoretical analysis to practical applications, and from vortex-dominated flows at low Mach number, to rotorcraft, to high-speed chemically-reacting flows on hypersonic vehicles.
Below is a reasonably comprehensive listing of those papers that are available in the open academic literature. Since 2016 most of my technical output has been in the form of confidential company reports which for obvious reasons cannot be distributed. As time progresses, however, I hope to create a repository of new aerodynamic information and original articles that will be useful to the community at large.
The beginnings of this repository can be found by following the "articles" tab in the menu at the top of this page.
2023
'Understanding the downwash/outwash characteristics of eVTOL aircraft',
CAP2576A,
UK Civil Aviation Authority,
17 October 2023.
'Do eVTOL Aircraft create an inherently more problematic Downwash than Conventional Helicopters?',
49th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Bückeburg, Germany,
5-7 September 2023.
'Are eVTOL Aircraft Inherently more susceptible to the Vortex Ring State than Conventional Helicopters?',
Cheeseman Award Paper, 79th Annual Vertical Fight Society Forum and Technology Display,
West Palm Beach FL, USA,
16-18 May 2023.
2022
'Are eVTOL Aircraft Inherently more susceptible to the Vortex Ring State than Conventional Helicopters?',
48th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Winterthur, Switzerland,
6-8 September 2022.
2018
'Modular, Fast Model for Design and Optimization of Hypersonic Vehicle Propulsion Systems',
AIAA Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,
Vol.55,
No.5,
2018,
pp. 1261-1281.
2017
'Multi-Dimensional Ablation and Thermal Response Program for Re-Entry Analysis',
31st International Symposium on Space Technology and Science,
Matsuyama, Japan,
3-9 June 2017.
2016
'Hypersonic Simulations Using Open-Source CFD and DSMC Solvers',
30th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics,
Victoria BC, Canada,
10-15 July 2016.
'An Open-Source Hybrid CFD-DSMC Solver for High Speed Flows',
30th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics,
Victoria BC, Canada,
10-15 July 2016.
'A Two-Temperature Open-Source CFD Model for Hypersonic Reacting Flows, Part One: Zero-Dimensional Analysis',
Aerospace,
Vol.3
No.34,
2016,
21pp.
'A Two-Temperature Open-Source CFD Model for Hypersonic Reacting Flows, Part Two: Multi-Dimensional Analysis',
Aerospace,
Vol.3
No.45,
2016,
15pp.
2015
'Rapid Aero-Thermodynamic Analysis for Hypersonic Air Vehicles',
Proceedings of the 8th European Symposium on Aerothermodynamics for Space Vehicles,
Lisbon, Portugal,
2-6 March 2015.
'Robust Multi-disciplinary Modelling of Future Re-usable Aerospace Planes',
20th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference,
Glasgow, Scotland,
6-9 July 2015.
'An Improved Engine Analysis and Optimisation Tool for Hypersonic Combined Cycle Engines',
20th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference,
Glasgow, Scotland,
6-9 July 2015.
'Development of a Two-Temperature Open-Source CFD Model for Hypersonic Reacting Flows',
20th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference,
Glasgow, Scotland,
6-9 July 2015.
'Validation of Tools to Accelerate High-Speed CFD Simulations Using OpenFOAM',
20th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference,
Glasgow, Scotland,
6-9 July 2015.
'Simulating the Wake Downstream of a Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine using a Modified Vorticity Transport Model',
IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,
Vol.41,
No.2,
2015,
pp. 296-301.
'Permeability of Ablative Materials Under Rarefied Gas Conditions',
AIAA Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,
Vol.53 No.1,
2015,
pp. 134-142.
'Benchmark Numerical Simulations of Rarefied Non-Reacting Gas Flows Using an Open-Source DSMC Code',
Computers & Fluids,
Vol.120,
2015,
pp. 140-157.
'Open-Source Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Chemistry Modeling for Hypersonic Flows',
AIAA Journal,
Vol.53,
No.6,
2015,
pp. 1670-1680.
2014
'The Role of the Seabed Composition in the Placement of Tidal Turbines - Sediment Motion in a Turbine Wake',
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Environmental Interactions of Marine Renewable Energy Technologies (EIMR2014),
Stornoway, Scotland,
28 April – 02 May 2014.
'Robust Multi-disciplinary Design and Optimisation of a Reusable Launch Vehicle',
19th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference,
Atlanta GA, USA,
16-20 June 2014.
'Influence of boundary layer transition on the trajectory optimisation of a reusable launch vehicle',
19th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference,
Atlanta GA, USA,
16-20 June 2014.
'Hybrid Propulsion Parametric and Modular Model: a Novel Engine Analysis Tool Conceived for Design Optimization',
19th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference,
Atlanta GA, USA,
16-20 June 2014.
'Introduction to Atmospheric Transit',
The International Handbook of Space Technology, Springer-Praxis,
2014,
pp. 99-115.
'The Future of Air Travel: Dinner in Sydney, London in Time for'The X-Factor'?',
The Washington Post,
2014.
2013
'Re-entry Trajectory Optimization for a SSTO Vehicle in the presence of Atmospheric Uncertainties',
5th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences (EUCASS),
Munich, Germany,
1-5 July 2013.
'Simulating the Environmental Impact of Tidal Turbines on the Seabed',
2013 OCEANS - San Diego,
San Diego CA, USA,
23-27 September 2013.
'Modelling the Aerodynamics of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines in Unsteady Wind Conditions',
Wind Energy,
Vol.16,
No.1,
2013,
pp. 91-107.
2012
'Sediment Dynamics in the Wake of a Tidal Current Turbine',
Oxford Tidal Energy Workshop,
Oxford, England,
29-30 March 2012.
'Towards Robust Aero-Thermodynamic Predictions for Re-Usable Single-Stage to Orbit Vehicles',
18th AIAA/3AF International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference,
Tours, France,
24-28 September 2012.
'Ascent Trajectory Optimisation for a Single-Stage-to-Orbit Vehicle with Hybrid Propulsion',
18th AIAA/3AF International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference,
Tours, France,
24-28 September 2012.
2011
'Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines in Oblique Flow: Sensitivity to Rotor Geometry',
EWEA Annual event (formerly known as the European Wind Energy Conference),
Brussels, Belgium,
14-17 March 2011.
'Chemistry Modelling in an Open-Source DSMC Code',
4th European Conference for Aero-Space Sciences,
St Petersburg, Russia,
4-8 July 2011.
'Thermochemistry Modelling in an Open Source DSMC Code',
28th International Symposium on Shock Waves,
Manchester, England,
17-22 July 2011.
'Prediction of the Aerodynamic Performance of Re-Usable Single Stage to Orbit Vehicles',
Space Access 2011,
Paris, France,
21-23 September 2011.
'Effect of Dynamic Stall on the Aerodynamics of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines. AIAA Journal,
Vol.49,
No.11,
2011,
pp. 2511-2521.
'Effect of Blade Geometry on the Aerodynamic Loads Produced by Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines',
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy,
Vol.225,
No.3,
2011,
pp. 327-341.
'Influence of Blade Aerodynamic Model on Prediction of Helicopter Rotor Aeroacoustic Signatures',
AIAA Journal of Aircraft,
Vol.48,
No.3,
2011,
pp. 1058-1083.
'Influence of Blade Aerodynamic Model on Prediction of Helicopter Rotor High-Frequency Airloads',
AIAA Journal of Aircraft,
Vol.48,
No.2,
2011,
pp. 476-494.
'Simulating the Aerodynamic Performance and Wake Dynamics of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine',
Wind Energy,
Vol.14,
No.2,
2011,
pp. 159-177.
'Helicopter Brownout - Can it be Modelled?',
Aeronautical Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society,
Vol.115,
No.1164,
2011,
pp. 123-133.
2010
'The Influence of Blade Curvature and Helical Blade Twist on the Performance of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine',
29th ASME Wind Energy Symposium,
Orlando FL, USA,
4-7 January 2010.
'Interaction of an Eulerian Flue Gas Plume with Wind Turbines',
29th ASME Wind Energy Symposium,
Orlando FL, USA,
4-7 January 2010.
'Predicting Unsteady Blade Loads of a Wind Turbine using RANS and Vorticity Transport Methodologies',
European Wind Energy Conference,
Warsaw, Poland,
20-23 April 2010.
'Prediction of Unsteady Blade Loads of a Wind Turbine using RANS and Vorticity Transport Methodologies',
Annual Conference of the Korea Wind Energy Association,
2010.
'Investigation of Mixed Element Hybrid Grid-Based CFD Methods for Rotorcraft Flow Analysis',
American Helicopter Society International 66th Annual Forum and Technology Display,
Phoenix AZ, USA,
11-13 May 2010.
'The Flow Physics of Helicopter Brownout',
American Helicopter Society International 66th Annual Forum and Technology Display,
Phoenix AZ, USA,
11-13 May 2010.
'Helicopter Brownout - Can it be Modelled?',
Royal Aeronautical Society Rotorcraft Group Conference: Operating Helicopters Safely in a Degraded Visual Environment,
London, England,
16-17 June 2010.
'Helicopter Tail Rotor Thrust and Main Rotor Wake Coupling in Crosswind Flight',
AIAA Journal of Aircraft,
Vol.47,
No.6,
2010,
pp. 2136-2148.
'Simulation of Wind Turbine Wake Interaction using the Vorticity Transport Model',
Wind Energy,
Vol.13,
No.7,
2010,
pp. 587-602.
'A Rational Approach to Comparing the Performance of Coaxial and Conventional Rotors',
Journal of the American Helicopter Society,
Vol.55,
No.1,
2010,
pp. 12003-1 - 12003-9.
'A Comparison of Coaxial and Conventional Rotor Performance',
Journal of the American Helicopter Society,
Vol.55,
No.1,
2010,
pp. 12004-1 - 12004-20.
2009
'Simulating Wind Turbine Interactions Using the Vorticity Transport Equations',
28th ASME Wind Energy Symposium,
Orlando, Florida,
5-8 January 2009.
'Predicting Wind Turbine Blade Loads using Vorticity Transport and RANS Methodologies',
European Wind Energy Conference 2009,
Marseille, France,
16-19 March 2009.
'Effect of Rotor Stiffness and Lift Offset on the Aeroacoustics of a Coaxial Rotor in Level Flight',
65th American Helicopter Society Annual Forum,
Grapevine TX, USA,
27-29 May 2009.
'Sensitivity of Tail Rotor Noise to Helicopter Configuration in Forward Flight',
65th American Helicopter Society Annual Forum,
Grapevine TX, USA,
27-29 May 2009.
'The Effect of Blade Aerodynamic Modelling on the Prediction of High-Frequency Rotor Airloads',
65th American Helicopter Society Annual Forum,
Grapevine TX, USA,
27-29 May 2009.
'The Effect of Blade Aerodynamic Modelling on the Prediction of the Blade Airloads and the Acoustic Signature of the HART II Rotor',
35th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Hamburg, Germany,
22-25 September 2009.
'The Effect of Rotor Design on the Fluid Dynamics of Helicopter Brownout',
35th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Hamburg, Germany,
22-25 September 2009.
'Vorticity-Transport and Unstructured RANS Investigation of Rotor-Fuselage Interactions',
35th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Hamburg, Germany,
22-25 September 2009.
'Applying Rotorcraft Modelling Technology to Renewable Energy Research',
2nd AHS/KSASS International Forum on Rotorcraft Multidisciplinary Technology,
Seoul, South Korea,
19-20 October 2009.
'Wake Dynamics and Rotor-Fuselage Aerodynamic Interactions',
Journal of the American Helicopter Society,
Vol.54,
No.1,
2009,
pp. 012003-1 - 012003-18.
'Interactional Aerodynamics and Acoustics of a Hingeless Coaxial Helicopter with an Auxiliary Propeller in Forward Flight',
Aeronautical Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society,
Vol.113,
No.1140,
2009,
pp. 65-78.
'Eulerian Simulation of the Fluid Dynamics of Helicopter Brownout',
AIAA Journal of Aircraft,
Vol.46,
No.4,
2009,
pp. 1416-1429.
'Wake Structure and Kinematics in the Vortex Ring State',
Journal of the American Helicopter Society,
Vol.54,
No.3,
2009,
pp. 032003-1 - 032003-18.
2008
'Predicting Blade Vortex Interaction, Airloads and Acoustics using the Vorticity Transport Model',
9th American Helicopter Society Aeromechanics Specialists Meeting,
Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco CA, USA,
23-25 January 2008.
'Interactional Aerodynamics and Acoustics of a Propeller-Augmented Compund Coaxial Helicopter',
9th American Helicopter Society Aeromechanics Specialists Meeting,
Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco CA, USA,
23-25 January 2008.
'Aerodynamic Response of a Hovering Rotor to Ramp Change in Pitch Input',
64th American Helicopter Society Annual Forum,
Montreal, Canada,
April 29 - May 1 2008.
'Aeroacoustics of a Coaxial Rotor in Level Flight',
64th American Helicopter Society Annual Forum,
Montreal, Canada,
April 29 - May 1 2008.
'Eulerian Simulation of the Fluid Dynamics of Helicopter Brownout',
64th American Helicopter Society Annual Forum,
Montreal, Canada,
April 29 - May 1 2008.
'Interactional Aerodynamics and Acoustics of a Hingeless Coaxial Helicopter with an Auxiliary Propeller in Forward Flight',
9th International Powered Lift Conference,
London, England,
22-24 July 2008.
'Modelling the Aerodynamics of Coaxial Helicopters - from an Isolated Rotor to a Complete Aircraft',
1st EU-Korea Conference on Science and Technology,
Heidelberg, Germany,
August 2008.
'Aeroacoustic Analysis of Main Rotor - Tail Rotor Interaction',
34th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Liverpool, England,
16-19 September 2008.
'Predicting the Wake Structure of the HART II Rotor using the Vorticity Transport Model',
34th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Liverpool, England,
16-19 September 2008.
'The Effect of Helicopter Configuration on the Fluid Dynamics of Brownout',
34th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Liverpool, England,
16-19 September 2008.
'Main Rotor - Tail Rotor Interaction and its Implications for Helicopter Directional Control',
Journal of the American Helicopter Society,
Vol.53,
No.2,
2008,
pp. 125-138.
2007
'Wake Dynamics and Rotor-Fuselage Aerodynamic Interactions',
63rd American Helicopter Society Annual Forum,
Virginia Beach VA, USA,
1-3 May 2007.
'Main Rotor-Empennage Interaction and its Effects on Helicopter Flight Dynamics',
63rd American Helicopter Society Annual Forum,
Virginia Beach VA, USA,
1-3 May 2007.
'The Vortex Dynamics of the Rotor Vortex Ring Phenomenon',
63rd American Helicopter Society Annual Forum,
Virginia Beach VA, USA,
1-3 May 2007.
'Novel Eulerian Vorticity Transport Wake Module for Rotorcraft Flow Analysis',
63rd American Helicopter Society Annual Forum,
Virginia Beach VA, USA,
1-3 May 2007.
'Impact of Trim Strategy and Rotor Stiffness on Coaxial Rotor Performance',
1st AHS/KSASS International Forum on Rotorcraft Multidisciplinary Technology,
Seoul, South Korea,
2007.
'Modeling the Mean Flow through a Rotor in Axial Flight including Vortex Ring Conditions',
Journal of the American Helicopter Society,
Vol.52,
No.3,
2007,
pp. 224-238.
'Modelling the Interaction of Helicopter Main Rotor and Tail Rotor Wakes',
Aeronautical Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society,
Vol.111,
No.1124,
2007,
pp. 637-644.
2006
'Coaxial Rotor Performance and Wake Dynamics in Steady and Manoeuvring Flight',
62nd American Helicopter Society Annual National Forum,
Phoenix AZ, USA,
9-11 May 2006.
'Main Rotor - Tail Rotor Wake Interaction and its Implications for Helicopter Directional Control',
32nd European Rotorcraft Forum,
Maastricht, The Netherlands,
12-14 September, 2006.
'Modelling Main Rotor - Tail Rotor Interaction',
Royal Aeronautical Society Young Persons Aerodynamics Conference,
Bristol, UK,
October 2006.
2005
'Predicting the Onset of the Vortex Ring State Under Accelerated Flight Conditions',
61st American Helicopter Society Annual National Forum,
Gaylord TX, USA,
1-3 June 2005.
'Investigating the Physics of Rotor Vortex-Ring State Using the Vorticity Transport Model',
31st European Rotorcraft Forum,
Florence, Italy,
13-15 September 2005.
'Modelling the Mean Flow Through a Rotor in Axial Flight Including Vortex Ring Conditions',
2nd International Basic Research Conference on Rotorcraft Technology,
Nanjing, China,
7-9 November 2005.
'Efficient High-Resolution Wake Modeling Using the Vorticity Transport Equation',
AIAA Journal,
Vol.43,
No.7,
2005,
pp. 1434-1443.
'The Flow Around a Rotor in Axial Descent',
Journal of Fluid Mechanics,
Vol.534,
2005,
pp. 237-261.
2004
'Efficient High Resolution Wake Modelling Using the Vorticity Transport Equation',
60th American Helicopter Society Annual National Forum,
Baltimore MD, USA,
7-10 June 2004.
'Fuselage and Tail-Rotor Interference Effects on Helicopter Wake Development in Descending Flight',
60th American Helicopter Society Annual National Forum,
Baltimore MD, USA,
7-10 June 2004.
'Revisiting the Effects of Blade Geometry on Rotor Behaviour in Descending Flight',
30th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Marseilles, France,
14-16 September 2004.
'Modeling Rotor Wakes in Ground Effect',
Journal of the American Helicopter Society,
Vol.49,
No.3,
2004,
pp. 238-249.
'Modelling a Helicopter Rotor's Response to Wake Encounters',
Aeronautical Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society,
Vol.108,
No.1079,
2004,
pp. 15-26.
2003
'Twist Effects on Rotor Behaviour in the Vortex Ring State',
59th American Helicopter Society Annual National Forum,
Phoenix AZ, USA,
6-8 May 2003.
'Helicopter Rotor Response to Wake Encounters in Ground Effect',
59th American Helicopter Society Annual National Forum,
Phoenix AZ, USA,
6-8 May 2003.
'High Resolution Wake Modelling Using a Semi-Lagrangian Adaptive Grid Formulation',
29th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Friedrichshafen, Germany,
16-18 September 2003.
'CFD-Based Simulation and Experiment in Helicopter Aeromechanics',
Intergrating CFD and Experiments in Aerodynamics: Proceedings of a Conference to Mark the Retirement of Prof. B.E. Richards,
Glasgow, Scotland,
September 2003.
'Predicting the Onset of Wake Breakdown for Rotors in Descending Flight',
Journal of the American Helicopter Society,
Vol.48,
No.1,
2003,
pp. 28-38.
'Modeling the Mutual Distortions of Interacting Helicopter and Aircraft Wakes',
AIAA Journal of Aircraft,
Vol.40,
No.3,
2003,
pp. 440-449.
'Rotor Wake Modelling for Simulation of Helicopter Flight Mechanics in Autorotation',
AIAA Journal of Aircraft,
Vol.40,
No.5,
2003,
pp. 938-945.
2002
'Blade Twist Effects on Rotor Behaviour in the Vortex Ring State',
28th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Bristol, England,
17-20 September 2002.
'Modelling a Helicopter Rotor's Response to Encounters with Aircraft Wakes',
28th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Bristol, England,
17-20 September 2002.
2001
'Comparative Numerical and Experimental Investigations of the Vortex Ring Phenomenon in Rotorcraft',
57th American Helicopter Society Annual National Forum,
Washington DC, USA,
9-11 May 2001.
2000
'Kinetic Aspects of the Thermal Stability of Solids',
Thermochimica Acta,
Vol. 357/358,
2000,
pp. 133-140.
'Comparison of Induced Velocity Models for Helicopter Flight Mechanics',
AIAA Journal of Aircraft,
Vol.37,
No.4,
2000,
pp. 623-629.
'Rotor Wake Modeling for Flight Dynamic Simulation of Helicopters',
AIAA Journal,
Vol.38,
No.1,
2000,
pp. 57-63.
1999
'High-Resolution Wake Modelling in Helicopter Flight Mechanics',
25th European Rotorcraft Forum,
Rome, Italy,
14-16 September 1999.
1998
'Kinetic Aspects of the Thermal Stability of Solids',
Proceedings of the 26th Conference of the North American Thermal Analysis Society,
Cleveland OH, USA,
13-15 September 1998.
'Production of Aerodynamic Power in Mountain Honeybees (Apis Mellifera)',
Naturwissenschaften,
Vol.85,
No.8,
1998,
pp. 389-390.
'Dimensional Aspects of Flight in the Honey Bees of Africa',
Journal of Apicultural Research,
Vol.37,
No.3,
1998,
pp. 147-154.
1997
'On the Use of Different Polynomial Series with the Rayleigh-Ritz Method',
Composite Structures,
Vol.39,
No.3-4,
1997,
pp. 191-196.
1996
'On the Use of Different Polynomial Series with the Rayleigh-Ritz Method',
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Composite Science and Technology,
Durban, South Africa,
June 1996.
'Flight Dynamics of a Hypersonic Double-Delta Wing',
Proceedings of the Fifth South African Aeronautical Engineering Conference,
Pretoria, South Africa,
July 1996.
'Aero-Gravity Assist Trajectories for a Recoverable Planetary Probe',
Proceedings of the Fifth South African Aeronautical Engineering Conference,
Pretoria, South Africa,
July 1996.
'Pitfalls in Numerical Flight Dynamics',
Proceedings of the Fifth South African Aeronautical Engineering Conference,
Pretoria, South Africa,
July 1996.
'A Flexible Splitting Algorithm for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations',
Aeronautica Meridiana – Journal of the South African Institute of Aeronautical Engineering,
Vol.12,
1996,
pp. 2-13.
1994
'A Fast Splitting Method for the Numerical Solution of the Navier-Stokes Equations',
Aeronautica Meridiana – Journal of the South African Institute of Aeronautical Engineering,
Vol.11,
1994,
pp. 47-55.
1993
'Developing New Helicopter Rotor Systems using Scale Models',
Proceedings of the Fourth South African Aeronautical Engineering Conference,
Pretoria, South Africa,
August 1993.
1991
'The WAF Method and Splitting Procedures for Viscous Shocked Flows',
Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Shock Waves,
Sendai, Japan,
21-26 July 1991.
Please feel free to contact us if you would like a copy* of any of these papers, would
like to know more, or would like to discuss further.
(*possibly subject to copyright restrictions in some cases)
(*possibly subject to copyright restrictions in some cases)
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